Ajuste Estructural Municipal: Un análisis institucional del financiamiento climático en ciudades fronterizas del norte de México
Palavras-chave:
financiamiento climático, iniciativas de desarrollo, ajuste estructural, región fronteriza, MéxicoResumo
Durante la última década, los profesionales del desarrollo, las redes municipales y las organizaciones filantrópicas mundiales han abogado por la inversión privada en la acción climática urbana. En este artículo examinamos las Iniciativas de Financiamiento Climático (IFC) que responden a esta tendencia explorando cómo establecen bases institucionales para dicha inversión. Proponemos el concepto de Ajuste Estructural Municipal (AEM) como marco analítico para examinar los campos de intervención y mecanismos de ajuste de estas iniciativas. Comparamos las IFC actuales con las Políticas de Ajuste Estructural (PAE) de los 80’s, trazando su evolución histórica en el desarrollo urbano municipal. Mediante análisis cualitativo y entrevistas a funcionarios de planificación y actores políticos locales y subnacionales estudiamos los esfuerzos de las IFC por innovar el financiamiento climático en Juárez y Hermosillo, México. Demostramos que, a diferencia de las políticas anteriores que imponían reformas cargadas de condicionalidad, estas iniciativas operan a través de mecanismos sutiles como la institucionalización de conocimiento, la infiltración en sistemas de planificación y la inserción de nuevos cargos gubernamentales. Aunque se presentan como apoyo, amplían su influencia más allá de lo acordado, configurando decisiones de gobernanza duraderas, redefiniendo así la relación entre actores de desarrollo y gobiernos locales.
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