Convergencias y divergencias en la percepción de actores clave frente a los impactos de la industria acuícola. Caso de la mitilicultura en la Región de los Lagos, Chile
Palabras clave:
“Perceptions”, “Aquaculture”, “Impacts”, “Risk”.Resumen
La rápida expansión en los niveles de producción de la industria acuícola podría generar impactos de distinta índole en las comunidades aledañas, incrementando las preocupaciones de los distintos agentes sobre sus potenciales consecuencias en los ámbitos sanitario, ambiental, y socioeconómico. Este artículo identifica y analiza las percepciones de un conjunto de actores clave en relación a los impactos generados por la industria mitilicultora en la Región de Los Lagos, Chile. Especial énfasis es entregado a identificar las convergencias y divergencias entre el juicio de expertos y las percepciones de actores del territorio en las dimensiones de interés. Información sobre los impactos y percepciones fue obtenida a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales dirigidos a una muestra de actores clave en los ámbitos gubernamental, científico, productivo y comunitario. Los resultados indican convergencia en una percepción negativa consensuada entre todos actores en relación al manejo de los residuos en la industria, quienes lo identifican también como un problema sanitario con potenciales efectos en la salud. Por su parte, mientras los científicos, funcionarios de gobierno y productores reconocen impactos positivos de la industria en la provisión de beneficios ecológicos, este aspecto no pareciera estar influenciando las percepciones de la comunidad debido a su bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre esta materia. En el ámbito socioeconómico, la generación de empleo está fuertemente vinculada a una percepción positiva del sector, lo cual es menos relevante en la producción a gran escala, debido principalmente a procesos de automatización en curso. Finalmente, los pequeños productores y representantes de las comunidades perciben una distribución desigual de los beneficios del sector, lo que incidiría en una percepción negativa de la industria.
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